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Space Weather Canada (Canadian Space Weather Forecast Centre)
National Resources Canada - Government of Canada






Space Weather Services - Bureau of Meterology
Australian Government




N0NBH / QST Magazine






RigReference.com - Solar Conditions




Estimated international sunspot number (EISN)
SILSO Data - Royal Observatory of Belgium Brussels




iNTEGRATED SPACE WEATHER ANALYSIS SYSTEM (iSWA)




WSA-ENLIL Solar Wind Prediction
(Click image to view full time-lapse)

WSA-ENLIL Solar Wind Prediction


Space Weather Prediction Centre - NOAA - National Weather Service - USA.gov




Edmonton Alberta Auroral Forecast - AuroraWatch.ca

Auroral forecast from AuroraWatch.ca


Solar Index Terms
A Index:  A measure of the level of geomagnetic activity over the globe for a given day.   A mean 3-hourly “equivalent amplitude” of magnetic activity is based on K index data from 11 Northern and 2 Southern Hemisphere magnetic observatories between the geomagnetic latitudes of 46 and 63 degrees. 

Ap Index: A daily index determined from eight A index values.

Geomagnetic Activity: Natural variations in the geomagnetic field classified into quiet, unsettled, active and geomagnetic storm levels.

Geomagnetic Storm: A worldwide disturbance of the Earth’s magnetic field, distinct from regular diurnal variations.  A storm occurs when:
  • Ap = 29 to 50 (minor storm)
  • Ap = 50 to 100 (major storm)
  • Ap >= 100 (severe storm)

K Index: A quasi-logarithmic local index of the 3-hourly range in magnetic activity relative to an assumed quiet-day curve for a single geomagnetic observatory site. First introduced by J. Bartels in 1938, it consists of a single-digit 0 through 9 for each 3-hour interval of the universal time day (UT).

Kp Index: The planetary 3-hour-range index Kp is the mean standardized K index from 13 geomagnetic observatories between 44 degrees and 60 degrees northern or southern geomagnetic latitude. The scale is 0 to 9 expressed in thirds of a unit; e.g., 5– is 42/3, 5 is 5 and 5+ is 51/3. This planetary index is designed to measure solar particle radiation by its magnetic effects. The 3-hourly ap (equivalent range) index is derived from the Kp index. 
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